Soil Microbial Diversity and Its Influence on Crop Productivity in Semi-Arid Regions

Abstract

Soil microbial communities are fundamental to maintaining ecosystem functions, particularly in fragile environments such as semi-arid regions. These microbial populations drive nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and plant health, directly influencing agricultural productivity. This study evaluates microbial diversity in various semi-arid agricultural zones and its correlation with crop yields. Soil samples were collected from different farms across semi-arid zones and assessed for microbial biomass, diversity indices, and enzymatic activity. Concurrently, crop productivity data were obtained from the same plots. Statistical analyses, including correlation and regression models, were applied to explore relationships between microbial characteristics and crop performance. A structured questionnaire was also distributed to farmers to understand soil management practices and awareness of microbial importance. Results demonstrated a positive relationship between microbial diversity and crop output, with areas practicing organic amendments and reduced tillage showing higher microbial indices and yields. The study highlights the crucial role of soil microbiota in enhancing agricultural sustainability under semi-arid conditions.