Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Medicinal Plants from Central India

Abstract

Groundwater serves as a primary source of drinking water for both urban and rural populations in India. However, in industrially intensive zones such as those found in Gujarat, groundwater quality is severely compromised by heavy metal contamination. The unregulated discharge of industrial effluents containing hazardous substances like lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni) into surrounding soils and water bodies has led to alarming concentrations of these metals in the aquifers. This study focuses on five major industrial regions in Gujarat to assess the extent of heavy metal contamination in groundwater. Samples were collected from borewells and hand pumps and analyzed for physicochemical and metal content using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results show significantly elevated levels of Pb and Cr compared to WHO guidelines, posing a high risk to human health through ingestion. A structured questionnaire survey revealed a lack of community awareness regarding water quality and health risks. This paper highlights the need for urgent intervention through monitoring, policy reform, and public education.